Nitrile Hydratase Activity of Nocardia corallina B-276
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nitrile is a functional group that usually is transformed to amides or carboxylic acids under strong reaction conditions in acidic or basic media and high temperatures. Amides have also been prepared from nitriles at room temperature using strong oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium superoxide in DMSO. On the other hand biocatalytic hydrolysis of nitriles mediated by nitrilase, nitrile hydratase (NHase) or amidase, is an important option for these processes. In general, these bioconversions, are fast under mild reaction conditions, there are no formation of secondary products, contamination due to chemical side reactions can be avoided or diminished, and the reaction can be regioand stereoselective, and thus it is an important alternative for the preparation of chiral compounds. These biocatalysts have important applications in industry for the enantioselective preparation of amides, for the transformation of waste nitrile to the less toxic amides or carboxylic acids. In Japan acrylamide is produced by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile using resting cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1; 5 and 2-arylpropionitriles have been enantioselectively hydrolyzed to the corresponding amides or carboxylic acids using the bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus, Agrobacterium, and Pseudomonas. Microorganisms of the genera Rhodococcus are some of the most common sources of NHases and amidases and, due to the fact that some authors have taxonomically classified Nocardia corallina B-276 (bacteria which we have used previously in reactions of oxidation) as Rhodococcus corallinus, we decided to study the possibility that Nocardia corallina B-276 could be used as a biocatalyst to hydrolyze nitriles.
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